Breast Milk from Smokers Contains Less Cholesterol and Protein and Smaller Size of Apolipoprotein A-I Resulting in Lower Zebrafish Embryo Survivability / Kim Seong-Min in Breastfeeding Medicine, Vol. 12, n°6 (Juillet - Août 2017)

[article]  inBreastfeeding Medicine > Vol. 12, n°6 (Juillet - Août 2017) . - pp. 365-372 Titre : Breast Milk from Smokers Contains Less Cholesterol and Protein and Smaller Size of Apolipoprotein A-I Resulting in Lower Zebrafish Embryo Survivability Titre original : Basic Science Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Kim Seong-Min, Auteur ; Kim Suk-Jeong, Auteur ; Kim Jae-Ryong, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : pp. 365-372 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Albumine Anti inflammatoire Antioxydant Cholestérol Composition du lait Etude expérimentale Fer Protéine Tabac Toxique Valeur nutritive Résumé : "Background: To determine the quality of breast milk (BM), we compared the functions of BM from ex-smokers and nonsmokers. Subjects and Methods: We analyzed the contents of lipids, glucose, and protein in BM from ex-smokers (10 cigarettes/day for 13 ± 3 years) as well as infant formula. Results: Nonsmokers' BM showed 2.4- and 1.4-fold higher cholesterol and protein contents, respectively, than BM from smokers. Infant formula contained almost no cholesterol, but did show remarkably higher glucose and triglyceride levels than BM. Microinjection of BM (50 nL) from nonsmokers and smokers into zebrafish embryos resulted in 59% and 44% survival, respectively, whereas formula injection resulted in 31% survival. The higher cholesterol and protein contents of BM were directly correlated with higher embryo survivability, suggesting that cholesterol content is directly and critically associated with growth of neonate infants. Smokers' BM contained smaller-sized apolipoproteinA-I (apoA-I) (24.4 ± 0.2 kDa) than BM from nonsmokers (26.7 ± 0.4 kDa), suggesting that putative modification and cleavage occurred in apoA-I. BM containing higher molecular weight apoA-I resulted in higher embryo survivability. Conclusions: Smoking before pregnancy can affect the composition and quality of BM, resulting in almost complete loss of cholesterol and protein, especially lactoferrin, lactalbumin, and apoA-I, accompanied by proteolytic degradation. These impairment effects of BM are associated with elevation of oxidative stress and lower embryo survivability." [Résumé de l'auteur] Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=780 [article]

Impact des apports protidiques sur la croissance et le développement neurologique de très grands prématurés. / La Leche League France in Les Dossiers de l'Allaitement, n°124 (Juillet 2017)

[article]  inLes Dossiers de l'Allaitement > n°124 (Juillet 2017) . - p 25 Titre : Impact des apports protidiques sur la croissance et le développement neurologique de très grands prématurés. : Revue de presse Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : La Leche League France, Auteur ; S. Dogra, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : p 25 Langues : Français (fre) Catégories : Croissance et développement Développement neurologique Inde Périmètre crânien Poids de l'enfant Prématuré tardif (entre 34 et 36 semaines) Protéine Taille Note de contenu : "Les très grands prématurés ont des besoins spécifiques, et ils ont besoin d'une nutrition adaptée afin d'avoir une croissance aussi proche que possible de la croissance intra-utérine. Le but de cette étude indienne était de voir si un apport protidique entéral plus élevé améliorait le périmètre crânien à 40 semaines d'âge gestationnel chez des enfants nés à <32 semaines ou à < 1500 g." [Extrait de l'article] Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=726 [article]

Nutrient adequacy of exclusive breastfeeding for the term Infant during the first six months of life / Nancy F. Butte  

Titre : Nutrient adequacy of exclusive breastfeeding for the term Infant during the first six months of life Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Nancy F. Butte, Auteur ; Mardia G. Lopez-Alarcon, Auteur ; Cutberto Garza, Auteur Editeur : WHO - World Health Organization Année de publication : 2002 Importance : 47 p. ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-92-4-156211-9 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Allaitement exclusif Avant 6 mois Calcium Fer Lait maternel Nutrition du nourrisson Protéine Valeur nutritive Vitamine A Vitamine B6 Vitamine D Zinc Index. décimale : OU Ouvrages Résumé : This review, which was prepared as part of the background documentation for a WHO expert consultation, evaluates the nutrient adequacy of exclusive breastfeeding for term infants during the first 6 months of life. Nutrient intakes provided by human milk are compared with infant nutrient requirements. To avoid circular arguments, biochemical and physiological methods, independent of human milk, are used to define these requirements. This review is limited to the nutrient needs of infants. It does not evaluate functional outcomes that depend on other bioactive factors in human milk, or behaviours and practices that are inseparable from breastfeeding, nor does it consider consequences for mothers. En ligne : http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/infantfeeding/9241562110/en/ Format de la ressource électronique : Document en pdf Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80

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Proteins in human milk / MJ López Alvarez in Breastfeeding Review, Vol.15 n°1 (Mars 2007)

[article]  inBreastfeeding Review > Vol.15 n°1 (Mars 2007) . - p.5-16 Titre : Proteins in human milk Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : MJ López Alvarez, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p.5-16 Note générale : PMID: 17424653 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Composition du lait Lait maternel Protéine Index. décimale : PE_ Résumé : The human baby is born extremely immature, with its major organs and immune system not fully developed. for its survival, the infant depends on an extraordinarily well-adapted evolutionary strategy shared by all mammals: breastfeeding. But what does milk contain that makes it so essential for the newborn and how does it provide immunity, nutrition, and a source for optimal growth? Human milk is a very complex living fluid which comprises proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, cells and other biologically important components. These milk components interact synergistically with each other and their environment (the infant's gut) at a biomolecular level with the final result being that breastmilk feeds and protects the newborn. This article summarises the key characteristics of breastmilk proteins and describes their functions as critical molecules conferring human milk with its diverse bioactive properties. Also presented are some of the factors which hav an influence on the quantity and quality of breastmilk proteins. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=175 [article]

Relationships Among Microbial Communities, Maternal Cells, Oligosaccharides, and Macronutrients in Human Milk / Janet E. Williams in Journal of Human Lactation, Vol. 33, n°3 (Août 2017)

[article]  inJournal of Human Lactation > Vol. 33, n°3 (Août 2017) Titre : Relationships Among Microbial Communities, Maternal Cells, Oligosaccharides, and Macronutrients in Human Milk Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Janet E. Williams, Auteur ; J. Price Williams, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Cellule Composition du lait Microbes Microbiome Oligosaccharide Protéine Résumé : "Background: Human milk provides all essential nutrients necessary for early life and is rich in nonnutrients, maternally derived (host) cells, and bacteria, but almost nothing is known about the interplay among these components. Research aim: The primary objective of this research was to characterize relationships among macronutrients, maternal cells, and bacteria in milk. Methods: Milk samples were collected from 16 women and analyzed for protein, lipid, fatty acid, lactose, and human milk oligosaccharide concentrations. Concentrations of maternal cells were determined using microscopy, and somatic cell counts were enumerated. Microbial ecologies were characterized using culture-independent methods. Results: Absolute and relative concentrations of maternal cells were mostly consistent within each woman as were relative abundances of bacterial genera, and there were many apparent relationships between these factors. For instance, relative abundance of Serratia was negatively associated with somatic cell counts (r = –.47, p < .0001) and neutrophil concentration (r = –.38, p < .0006). Concentrations of several oligosaccharides were correlated with maternally derived cell types as well as somatic cell counts; for example, lacto-N-tetraose and lacto-N-neotetraose were inversely correlated with somatic cell counts (r = –.64, p = .0082; r = –.52, p = .0387, respectively), and relative abundance of Staphylococcus was positively associated with total oligosaccharide concentration (r = .69, p = .0034). Complex relationships between milk nutrients and bacterial community profile, maternal cells, and milk oligosaccharides were also apparent. Conclusion: These data support the possibility that profiles of maternally derived cells, nutrient concentrations, and the microbiome of human milk might be interrelated." [Résumé de l'auteur] Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=752 [article]

Traditional Galactagogue Foods and Their Connection to Human Milk Volume in Thai Breastfeeding Mothers / Ganokwun Buntuchai in Journal of Human Lactation, Vol. 33, n°3 (Août 2017)

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