| Titre : | Experimental physiology |
| Type de document : | Périodique : texte imprimé |
| Langues: | Anglais |
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Paru le : 01/03/1999
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Titre : Breast volume and milk production during extended lactation in women (1999) Auteurs : JC Kent, Auteur ; L Mitoulas, Auteur ; Pe Hartmann, Auteur Type de document : Article : texte imprimé Dans : Experimental physiology (Vol.84 n°2, Mars 1999) Article en page(s) : pp.435-447 Langues: Anglais Index. décimale : PH.1.1 (Lactation) Catégories : Durée de l'allaitement ; Lactation ; Poids corporel ; Sein Résumé : Quantitative measurements were made of relative breast volume and milk production from 1 month of lactation until 3 months after weaning, and the storage capacity of the breasts was calculated. The increase in breast tissue volume from before conception until 1 month of lactation was maintained for the first 6 months of lactation (means+/-S.E.M.) (190.3+/-13.1 ml, number of breasts, nb = 46). During this period of exclusive breast-feeding, 24 h milk production from each breast remained relatively constant (453.6+/-201 g, nb = 48), and storage capacity was 209.9+/-11.0 ml (nb = 46). After 6 months, breast volume, milk production and storage capacity all decreased. There was a relationship between 24 h milk production and the storage capacity of the breasts, and these both appeared to be responding to infant demand for milk. At 15 months of lactation, the 24 h milk production of each breast was substantial (208.0+/-56.7 g, nb = 6), even though the breasts had returned to preconception size. This was associated with an apparent increased efficiency of the breast (milk production per unit breast tissue) after 6 months, which may have been due to redistribution of tissues within the breast. The possible causes of the decrease in breast volume are discussed.
Titre : Breast growth and the urinary excretion of lactose during human pregnancy and early lactation: endocrine relationships (1999) Auteurs : DB Cox, Auteur ; JC Kent, Auteur ; Pe Hartmann ; RA Owens, Auteur Type de document : Article : texte imprimé Dans : Experimental physiology (Vol.84 n°2, Mars 1999) Article en page(s) : pp.421-434 Langues: Anglais Index. décimale : PH.1.1 (Lactation) Catégories : Glande endocrine ; Grossesse ; Lactation ; Lactose ; Sein Résumé : Breast volume and morphology of eight subjects were measured before conception and at intervals throughout pregnancy until 1 month of lactation. Breast volume before conception ranged from 293 to 964 ml. At the end of pregnancy the volume of breast tissue had increased by 145+/-19 ml (mean+/-S.E.M., n = 13 breasts, range 12-227 ml) with a further increase to 211+/-16 ml (n = 12 breasts, range 129-320 ml) by 1 month of lactation. Urinary excretion of lactose increased at 22 weeks of pregnancy, signalling the capacity of the breast to synthesize lactose at this time. During pregnancy, both the change in breast volume and the change in cross-sectional area of the areola were related to the concentration of human placental lactogen in the plasma. The growth of the nipple and the rate of excretion of lactose were related to the concentration of prolactin in the plasma. During the first 3 days after birth, the rate of excretion of lactose was related to the rate of excretion of progesterone. There was no relationship between the growth of the breast during pregnancy and the amount of milk produced at 1 month of lactation.
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Paru le : 01/11/1996
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Titre : Blood and milk prolactin and the rate of milk synthesis in women (1996) Auteurs : DB Cox, Auteur ; RA Owens, Auteur ; Pe Hartmann, Auteur Type de document : Article : texte imprimé Dans : Experimental physiology (Vol.81 n°6, Novembre 1996) Article en page(s) : pp.1007-1020 Langues: Anglais Index. décimale : PH.1.1 (Lactation) Catégories : Lactation ; Lait maternel ; Prolactine ; Système sanguin Résumé : In women, the concentration of prolactin in the plasma increases in response to nipple stimulation. This response has led to the assumption that prolactin influences the rate of milk synthesis. To investigate this hypothesis we have measured 24 h milk production, the short-term (between breastfeeds) rates of milk synthesis and the concentration of prolactin in the blood and breastmilk, from 1 to 6 months of lactation in eleven women. Over the long term, the 24 h milk production remained constant (means +/- S.E.M.): 708 +/- 54.7 g/24 h (n = 11) and 742 +/- 79.4 g/24 h (n = 9) at 1 and 6 months, respectively. The average short-term rate of milk synthesis (calculated from the increase in breast volume between breastfeeds; means +/- S.E.M.) did not change: 23 +/- 3.5 ml/h (n = 23) and 23 +/- 3.4 ml/h (n = 21) at 1 and 6 months, respectively. However, significant variation in the short-term rate of milk synthesis (from
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Paru le : 01/09/1996
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Titre : Frequency and degree of milk removal and the short-term control of human milk synthesis (1996) Auteurs : SE Daly, Auteur ; JC Kent, Auteur ; Pe Hartmann, Auteur Type de document : Article : texte imprimé Dans : Experimental physiology (Vol.81 n°5, Septembre 1996) Article en page(s) : pp.861-875 Langues: Anglais Index. décimale : PH.1.1 (Lactation) Catégories : Ejection lait ; Lactation Résumé : The effect of the temporal spacing and degree of milk removal by either expression or breastfeed on short-term (hour to hour) rates of milk synthesis was investigated. For four expressing mothers (three of whom had given birth prematurely), the relationship between milk produced at an expression and the time since the last expression showed that proportionally less milk is produced after intervals of 6-18 h than after intervals of less than 6 h (P
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Paru le : 01/03/1993
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Titre : The short-term synthesis and infant-regulated removal of milk in lactating women (1993) Auteurs : SE Daly, Auteur ; RA Owens, Auteur ; Pe Hartmann, Auteur Type de document : Article : texte imprimé Dans : Experimental physiology (Vol.78 n°2, Mars 1993) Article en page(s) : pp.209-220 Langues: Anglais Index. décimale : PH.1.1 (Lactation) Catégories : Lactation ; Sein Résumé : We studied how short-term milk synthesis responds to milk removal by observing breast volume before and after each breastfeed over 24 h periods within the homes of seven lactating mothers, using the Computerized Breast Measurement system. Short-term rates of milk synthesis varied markedly between the breasts of individual mothers, varied markedly between interfeed intervals for individual breasts and, for six of the thirteen breasts studied, were positively related to the degree to which the breast was emptied (r2 ranging from 0.32 to 0.95). In addition, the infants rarely emptied the breasts of available milk (mean +/- S.D. of degree of emptying postfeed = 76 +/- 20%, n = 147) and, within women, storage capacity of a breast was related to the demand for milk from that breast (r2 = 0.91, P
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Paru le : 01/01/1992
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Titre : The determination of short-term breast volume changes and the rate of synthesis of human milk using computerized breast measurement (1992) Auteurs : SE Daly, Auteur ; JC Kent, Auteur ; Pe Hartmann, Auteur Type de document : Article : texte imprimé Dans : Experimental physiology (Vol.77 n°1, Janvier 1992) Article en page(s) : pp.79-87 Langues: Anglais Index. décimale : PH.1.1 (Lactation) Catégories : Sein Résumé : The feasibility of using sequential breast volume measurements as a method of studying short-term rates of milk synthesis in women has been established. We have developed a rapid Computerized Breast Measurement system for the determination of breast volume, based upon the Shape Measurement System. A circle encompassing all the breast tissue is drawn in black face paint on the subject's skin. Six patterns of sixty-four horizontal light stripes are projected onto the breast and chest wall surface. A CCD camera relays video images to a computer, which produces a model of the chest by active triangulation. The volume of the breast and the chest wall segment enclosed by the circle is then calculated. The precision of the method was dependent upon the subject repositioning carefully. The coefficient of variation of replicate measurements was 1.6%. The accuracy of the method was established by comparing the change in breast volume before and after a breast-feed with the amount of milk removed by the infant as determined by test weighing. There was a close relationship between the removal of milk by the infant (x) and the change in breast volume (y), (r = 0.93, n = 73, y = 1.10x - 3.25). The rates of milk synthesis between breast-feeds, for six women determined on one to eight occasions, varied from 11 to 58 ml/h. The results show that the amount of milk available in the breast is not necessarily an important determinant of the amount of milk removed by the infant at a breast-feed.
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